The objectives of the interdisciplinary project IQubits are to (i) develop and demonstrate experimentally high-temperature (high-T) Si and SiGe electron/hole-spin qubits and qubit integrated circuits (ICs) in commercial 22nm Fully-Depleted Siliconon-Insulator (FDSOI) CMOS foundry technology as the enabling fundamental building blocks of quantum computing technologies, (ii) verify the scalability of these qubits to 10nm dimensions through fabrication experiments and (iii) prove through atomistic simulations that, at 2nm dimensions, they are suitable for 300K operation. The proposed 22nm FDSOI qubit ICs consist of coupled quantum-dot electron and hole spin qubits, placed in the atomic-scale channel of multi-gate nand p-MOSFETs, and of 60-240GHz spin control/readout circuits integrated on the same die in state-of-the-art FDSOI CMOS foundry technology. To assess the impact of future CMOS scaling, more aggressively scaled Si-channel SOI and nitride-channel qubit structures will also be designed and fabricated in two experimental processes with 10nm gate half pitch. The latter will be developed in this project. The plan is for the III-nitrides (III-N) qubits to be ultimately grown on a SOI wafer, to be compatible with CMOS. Because of their larger bandgap, III-N hold a better prospect than Si and SiGe for qubits with larger coupling energy and mode energy splitting, and 300K operation. As a radical breakthrough, the fabricated qubits will feature coupling energies on the order of 0.25-1 meV corresponding to control frequencies in the 60-240GHz range, suitable for operation at 3–12 degrees Kelvin, two orders of magnitude higher than today's qubits. The tuned mm-wave circuits allow for 10-20ps spin control pulses which help to filter out wideband thermal noise and largely enhance the ratio between the gating and the decoherence times. Thermal noise filtering and fast control of the spin may lead to even higher temperature operation for a given energy-level splitting.

 CHIRON targets a proof of principle of the essential elements for spin wave computing by an interdisciplinary approach joining partners with expertise in material science, physics, nano-manufacturing, electrical engineering, device simulation, and circuit design. CHIRON will fabricate basic logic gates, such as inverters and majority gates, demonstrate their operation, and assess their performance. As transducers between the CMOS and spin wave domains in hybrid circuits, CHIRON will develop magnetoelectric and multiferroic nanoresonators, based on nanoscale bulk acoustic resonators, which bear promise for high energy efficiency and large output signal. The targeted lateral scale (100 nm) and resonance frequency (>10 GHz) bring such resonators to the frontier of nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS). This technological proof of principle is complemented by the design of digital hybrid spin wave–CMOS circuits that show the advantages of spin wave computing and can be integrated into a CMOS environment. Based on calibrated compact device models, the performance of these circuits in terms of power, area, and throughput will be benchmarked against CMOS to demonstrate their viability.

The long term vision of EINSTEIN has two levels. On a first level is the creation of a world-leading international research consortium formed of Greek and Russian researchers capable of carrying out a cutting-edge research program aimed at the in-depth study of quantum phenomena in mesoscopic and nanostructured systems. It is in the long-term character of the project the continuation of the research program beyond the initial duration of the project, imply that on the long run the present focus directions will serve as nuclei for new developments. After the implementation of EINSTEIN project, this consortium will be able to join the EU Flagship on Quantum Technologies and participate in other high quality projects as well.
On a second level is the establishment of a technology platform providing functional quantum devices supported by theoretical models. Potentially, such a platform will provide the seed for further commercial exploitation of the quantum nanoelectronic devices.