In contrast to other main group elements, group VI elements are rarely observed to form long linear polymer main chains. We reported the synthesis and characterizations of polytelluroxane, a polymer with an inorganic backbone constituted of tellurium and oxygen, which may bridge the gap between inorganic oxides and macromolecules. Because of its unique molecular structure, polytelluroxane is a transparent ultraviolet protection optical material and reveals a photocatalytic activity comparable with commercial catalysts. Te, excluding noble gases (Xe, Rn) and radioactive elements (At), exhibits the highest absorption of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, therefore polytelluroxane act as the ideal formulation for EUV photoresist. Moreover, polytelluroxane exhibited effective closed-loop recyclability with a recycle efficiency around 90% and a recycle number over 10. This work provided a prospective candidate for the development of flexible polymer devices and sustainable functional materials.